Counting in Gujarati

Language overview

Gujarati (ગુજરાતી, gudjarātī) belongs to the Indo-European languages family, and more precisely to the Indo-Aryan languages. Official language of the state of Gujarat and of the Daman & Diu, and Dadra & Nagar Haveli territories in India, the Gujarati language counts about 46 millions speakers. It is written in the Gujarati script, quite similar to the Devanagari script which is used to write Hindi, and a descendant of the Gupta script used for writing Sanskrit.

Transliteration of Gujarati

The Gujarati language is written in an alphasyllabary (an abugida) that represents each phoneme by a sign. There are consonants and vowels. The vowels can be noted as diacritics around the previous consonant. Very close to the Devanagari script, the writing system of Sanskrit and Hindi, it can be converted into Latin alphabet (we then say that it is transliterated or romanized). The transliteration system used on this page follows the ISO 15919 standard for Devanagari.

Gujarati numerals

The Gujarati alphasyllabary has a symbol for each digit from zero to nine, each of them having its own name. These are biṁdu (બિંદુ) or miiṁḍuṁ (મીંડું) for the zero symbol (૦), ekḍo (એકડો) for that of one (૧), bagḍo (બગડો) for that of two (૨), tragḍo (ત્રગડો) or tagḍo (તગડો) for that of three (૩), cogḍo (ચોગડો) for that of four (૪), paṁcḍo (પાંચડો) for that of five (૫), chagḍo (છગડો) for that of six (૬), saatḍo (સાતડો) for that of seven (૭), aaṭhḍo (આઠડો) for that of eight (૮) , and navḍo (નવડો) for that of nine (૯).

Gujarati numbering rules

Now that you’ve had a gist of the most useful numbers, let’s move to the writing rules for the tens, the compound numbers, and why not the hundreds, the thousands and beyond (if possible).

• Digits from zero to nine are rendered by specific words: શૂન્ય (૦, śūnya) [0], એક (૧, eka) [1], બે (૨, be) [2], ત્રણ (૩, traṇ) [3], ચાર (૪, cār) [4], પાંચ (૫, pāṅc) [5], છ (૬, cha) [6], સાત (૭, sāt) [7], આઠ (૮, āṭha) [8], and નવ (૯, nav) [9].
• Tens are formed from the root of the multiplier digit, except for ten itself: દસ (૧૦, das) [10], વીસ (૨૦, vīs) [20], ત્રીસ (૩૦, trīs) [30], ચાળીસ (૪૦, cāḷīs) [40], પચાસ (૫૦, pacās) [50], સાઈઠ (૬૦, sāṭh) [60], સિત્તેર (૭૦, sitter) [70], એંસી (૮૦, ẽsī) [80], and નેવું (૯૦, nevuṅ) [90].
• Teens are not regular, even if we find in them the first letter of the unit name: અગિયાર (૧૧, agiyār) [11], બાર (૧૨, bār) [12], તેર (૧૩, ter) [13], ચૌદ (૧૪, caud) [14], પંદર (૧૫, paṅdar) [15], સોળ (૧૬, soḷ) [16], સત્તર (૧૭, sattar) [17], અઢાર (૧૮, aḍhār) [18], and ઓગણીસ (૧૯, ogaṇīs) [19].
• Compound numbers are formed by prefixing the ten word with the root of the unit digit. The vowel changes being more or less important, here is the complete list of Gujarati numbers between twenty and ninety-nine.
  • From 20 to 29: વીસ (૨૦, vīs) [20], એકવીસ (૨૧, ekavīs) [21], બાવીસ (૨૨, bāvīs) [22], ત્રેવીસ (૨૩, trevīs) [23], ચોવીસ (૨૪, covīs) [24], પચ્ચીસ (૨૫, paccīs) [25], છવીસ (૨૬, chavvīs) [26], સત્તાવીસ (૨૭, sattāvīs) [27], અઠ્ઠાવીસ (૨૮, aṭhṭhāvīs) [28], and ઓગણત્રીસ (૨૯, ogaṇatrīs) [29].
  • From 30 to 39: ત્રીસ (૩૦, trīs) [30], એકત્રીસ (૩૧, ekatrīs) [31], બત્રીસ (૩૨, batrīs) [32], તેત્રીસ (૩૩, tetrīs) [33], ચોત્રીસ (૩૪, cotrīs) [34], પાંત્રીસ (૩૫, paṅtrīs) [35], છત્રીસ (૩૬, chatrīs) [36], સાડત્રીસ (૩૭, saḍatrīs) [37], અડત્રીસ (૩૮, aḍatrīs) [38], and ઓગણચાલીસ (૩૯, ogaṇacālīs) [39].
  • From 40 to 49: ચાળીસ (૪૦, cāḷīs) [40], એકતાલીસ (૪૧, ekatāḷīs) [41], બેતાલીસ (૪૨, betāḷīs) [42], ત્રેતાલીસ (૪૩, tretāḷīs) [43], ચુંમાલીસ (૪૪, cummāḷīs) [44], પિસ્તાલીસ (૪૫, pistāḷīs) [45], છેતાલીસ (૪૬, chetāḷīs) [46], સુડતાલીસ (૪૭, suḍatāḷīs) [47], અડતાલીસ (૪૮, aḍatāḷīs) [48], and ઓગણપચાસ (૪૯, ogaṇapacās) [49].
  • From 50 to 59: પચાસ (૫૦, pacās) [50], એકાવન (૫૧, ekāvan) [51], બાવન (૫૨, bāvan) [52], ત્રેપન (૫૩, trepan) [53], ચોપન (૫૪, copan) [54], પંચાવન (૫૫, paṅcāvan) [55], છપ્પન (૫૬, chappan) [56], સત્તાવન (૫૭, sattāvan) [57], અઠ્ઠાવન (૫૮, aṭhṭhāvan) [58], and ઓગણસાઠ (૫૯, ogaṇasāṭh) [59].
  • From 60 to 69: સાઈઠ (૬૦, sāṭh) [60], એકસઠ (૬૧, ekasaṭh) [61], બાસઠ (૬૨, bāsaṭh) [62], ત્રેસઠ (૬૩, tresaṭh) [63], ચોસઠ (૬૪, cosaṭh) [64], પાંસઠ (૬૫, paṅsaṭh) [65], છાસઠ (૬૬, chasaṭh) [66], સડસઠ (૬૭, saḍasaṭh) [67], અડસઠ (૬૮, aḍasaṭh) [68], and અગણોસિત્તેર (૬૯, agaṇositter) [69].
  • From 70 to 79: સિત્તેર (૭૦, sitter) [70], એકોતેર (૭૧, ekoter) [71], બોતેર (૭૨, boter) [72], તોતેર (૭૩, toter) [73], ચુમોતેર (૭૪, cumoter) [74], પંચોતેર (૭૫, paṅcoter) [75], છોતેર (૭૬, choter) [76], સિત્યોતેર (૭૭, sityoter) [77], ઇઠ્યોતેર (૭૮, iṭhyoter) [78], and ઓગણાએંસી (૭૯, ogaṇāeṅshī) [79].
  • From 80 to 89: એંસી (૮૦, ẽsī) [80], એક્યાસી (૮૧, ekyāshī) [81], બ્યાસી (૮૨, byāshī) [82], ત્યાસી (૮૩, tyēshī) [83], ચોર્યાસી (૮૪, coryāshī) [84], પંચાસી (૮૫, paṅcāshī) [85], છ્યાસી (૮૬, chyāshī) [86], સિત્યાસી (૮૭, sityāshī) [87], ઈઠ્યાસી (૮૮, iṭhyāshī) [88], and નેવ્યાસી (૮૯, nevyāshī) [89].
  • From 90 to 99: નેવું (૯૦, nevuṅ) [90], એકાણું (૯૧, ekāṇuṅ) [91], બાણું (૯૨, bāṇuṅ) [92], ત્રાણું (૯૩, trāṇuṅ) [93], ચોરાણું (૯૪, corāṇuṅ) [94], પંચાણું (૯૫, paṅcāṇuṅ) [95], છન્નું (૯૬, channuṅ) [96], સત્તાણું (૯૭, sattāṇuṅ) [97], અઠ્ઠાણું (૯૮, aṭhṭhāṇuṅ) [98], and નવ્વાણું (૯૯, navvāṇuṅ) [99].
• Hundreds are formed by prefixing the short form of the word for hundred (સો, so) by its multiplier digit: એકસો (૧૦૦, ekaso) [100], બસ્સો (૨૦૦, baso) [200], ત્રણસો (૩૦૦, traņso) [300], ચારસો (૪૦૦, cārso) [400], પાંચસો (૫૦૦, pāṅcso) [500], છસો (૬૦૦, chaso) [600], સાતસો (૭૦૦, sātaso) [700], આઠસો (૮૦૦, āṭhaso) [800], and નવસો (૯૦૦, navaso) [900].
• Compound hundreds are formed starting by the hundred, followed by the ten or the unit separated with a space: એકસો ત્રણ (૧૦૩ ekaso traṇ) [103], પાંચસો બાવન (૫૫૨, pāṅcso bāvan) [552].
• Thousands are formed putting the multiplier digit before the word for thousand (હજાર, hajār): (એક) હજાર (૧,૦૦૦, (eka) hajār) [1,000], બે હજાર (૨,૦૦૦, be hajār) [2,000]… દસ હજાર (૧૦,૦૦૦, das hajār) [10,000]…
• The Indian counting system (or more exactly the counting system the Indian subcontinent) groups the decimals by three only up to one thousand, then groups them by two beyond. This notation, coming from the Vedic Numeration System, applies in particular to Gujarati. The large numbers are named as follows:
  • લાખ (lākh): 1,00,000 (100,000 or 10⁵);
  • દસ લાખ (das lākh): 10,00,000 (one million, or 10⁶);
  • કરોડ (karoḍ): 1,00,00,000 (10 millions, or 10⁷);
  • દસ કરોડ (das karoḍ): 10,00,00,000 (100 millions, or 10⁸);
  • અબજ (abaj): 1,00,00,00,000 (one billion, or 10⁹);

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