Counting in Livonian

Language overview

Forty-two in Livonian Livonian (Līvõ kēļ or rāndakēļ) belongs to the Uralic family, in the Finno-Ugric group. Classified as a moribund language due to its very small number of speakers (about 40 in 2001), it is spoken in Latvia, in the Courland region.

Livonian numbers list

  • 1 – ikš
  • 2 – kakš
  • 3 – kuolm
  • 4 – nēļa
  • 5 – vīž
  • 6 – kūž
  • 7 – seis
  • 8 – kōdõks
  • 9 – īdõks
  • 10 – kim
  • 11 – ikštuoistõn
  • 12 – kakštuoistõn
  • 13 – kuolmtuoistõn
  • 14 – nēļatuoistõn
  • 15 – vīžtuoistõn
  • 16 – kūžtuoistõn
  • 17 – seistuoistõn
  • 18 – kōdõkstuoistõn
  • 19 – īdõkstuoistõn
  • 20 – kakškimdõ
  • 30 – kuolmkimdõ
  • 40 – nēļakimdõ
  • 50 – vīžkimdõ
  • 60 – kūžkimdõ
  • 70 – seiskimdõ
  • 80 – kōdõkskimdõ
  • 90 – īdõkskimdõ
  • 100 – sadā
  • 1,000 – tūontõ
  • one million – miljon

Livonian numbering rules

Now that you’ve had a gist of the most useful numbers, let’s move to the writing rules for the tens, the compound numbers, and why not the hundreds, the thousands and beyond (if possible).

  • Numbers from zero to ten are specific words: null [0], ikš [1], kakš [2], kuolm [3], nēļa [4], vīž [5], kūž [6], seis [7], kōdõks [8] (meaning 10 minus 2), īdõks [9] (meaning 10 minus 1), and kim [10].
  • From eleven to nineteen, the numbers are formed from the matching digits, adding the suffix -tuoistõn, which means from the second (ten): ikštuoistõn [11], kakštuoistõn [12], kuolmtuoistõn [13], nēļatuoistõn [14], vīžtuoistõn [15], kūžtuoistõn [16], seistuoistõn [17], kōdõkstuoistõn [18], and īdõkstuoistõn [19].
  • The tens are formed by adding the -kimdõ suffix at the end of the digits, with the obvious exception of ten: kim [10], kakškimdõ [20], kuolmkimdõ [30], nēļakimdõ [40], vīžkimdõ [50], kūžkimdõ [60], seiskimdõ [70], kōdõkskimdõ [80], and īdõkskimdõ [90]. When composed with a digit, numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine are formed by saying the ten, then the digit separated with a space (e.g.: kakškimdõ ikš [21], kuolmkimdõ kakš [32]).
  • The word for hundred is sadā in nominative singular, and sadād in nominative plural. Hundred are formed by stating the multiplier digit, followed by the partitive plural saddõ of hundred, except for one hundred itself: sadā [100], kakš saddõ [200], kuolm saddõ [300], nēļa saddõ [400], vīž saddõ [500]…
  • The word for thousand is tūontõ in nominative singular. Thousands are formed by stating the multiplier digit, followed by tūontõd, the nominative plural of thousand (its partitive plural being tūontidi), except for one thousand itself: tūontõ [1,000], kakš tūontõd [2,000], kuolm tūontõd [3,000], nēļa tūontõd [4,000], vīž tūontõd [5,000]…
  • The word for million is miljon in nominative singular, and miljonõd in nominative plural: miljon [1 million], kakš miljonõd [2 million], kuolm miljonõd [3 million]…

Write a number in full in Livonian

Let’s move now to the practice of the numbering rules in Livonian. Will you guess how to write a number in full? Enter a number and try to write it down in your head, or maybe on a piece of paper, before displaying the result.

Books

Parlons live, une langue de la Baltique Parlons live, une langue de la Baltique
by , editors L’Harmattan (2001)
[Amazon.com Amazon.com]

Source

Finno-Ugrian languages

Erzya, Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, Ingrian, Karelian, Kven, Livonian, Mansi, Udmurt, Veps, and Votic.

Other supported languages

As the other currently supported languages are too numerous to list extensively here, please select a language from the full list of supported languages.